"Extension des théories évolutives sur le vieillissement pour prendre en compte les symbioses et les interactions à travers l’Arbre du Vivant"
- en présentiel ou en distanciel, sur inscription auprès de : eric.bapteste@mnhn.fr
et en fonction des places disponibles. N’hésitez pas d’ailleurs à faire suivre le programme aux collègues que vous jugeriez intéressés.
En bref, ce colloque explorera les limites des principales théories évolutives du vieillissement et proposera de nouvelles découvertes pour améliorer nos explications de comment, pourquoi et quand les organismes pris dans le réseau du vivant vieillissent. Ce colloque interrogera la portée explicative et la portée phylogénétique d’au moins trois théories évolutives majeures du vieillissement : la théorie de l’Accumulation des Mutations, la théorie de l’Antagonisme Pléiotropique et la théorie du Soma Jetable. En effet, ces théories présentent une limite commune. Développées dans le cadre traditionnel de la génétique des populations, elles sont logiquement centrées sur le vieillissement des individus au sein d’une population ou d’une espèce. Ces théories ne modélisent donc pas explicitement les innombrables interactions entre espèces ni les interactions écologiques, telles que les symbioses et les associations hôtes-microbiomes, pourtant bien connues pour affecter l’évolution des organismes et de nombre de leurs traits. De plus, ces théories ont été principalement développées avec des modèles animaux à l’esprit, principalement ceux caractérisés par une distinction nette entre germen et soma, comme les souris et les humains. Par conséquent, ces théories pourraient bénéficier de nouveaux développements conceptuels pour approfondir leurs justifications voire pour étendre leurs champs d’application vers d’autres taxa. En particulier, les organismes unicellulaires (protistes, bactéries et archaea) qui ont longtemps été considérés, par défaut et probablement à tort, comme non-sénescents, ainsi que les taxa dôtés d’une très grande et inhabituelle longévité pourraient encore nous enseigner de nouvelles leçons, capables d’enrichir les théories existantes.
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Programme scientifique du jour :
8:45-8:50AM: A quick introduction and welcome worlds (E. Bapteste)
Current theoretical framework and some of its limits
8:51-9:21: Pr. Annette Baudisch (University of Southern Denmark, DK) « The diversity of ageing patterns in the phylogeny of Life.»
9:22-9:52: Pr. Joao Pedro de Magalhaes (University of Liverpool, UK) « Some thoughts on the limits to our understanding of the genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of ageing throughout the Tree of life. »
9:53-10:23: Pr. Emma Teeling (University College Dublin, Ireland) « Lessons from bats and possibly other long-lived species longevity analyses, and the importance to study ageing in natural populations. »
Ageing through the prism of interactions
10:23-10:53: Pr. Laurent Keller (University of Lausanne, Switzerland) « Diversity of ageing patterns in relation with the social interactions within ageing species »
10:54-11:24: Dr. Ophélie Ronce (CNRS, France): « Evolution of ageing in a changing environment »
11:25-11h55: Dr. Jérôme Teulière (ISYEB, Paris, France) « Phylosystemics of ageing : inferring ancestral longevity networks. »
11h56-12:26: Dr. Charles Bernard or Dr. Eric Bapteste (ISYEB, Paris, France/UNIL, Switzerland) « Interspecific interactions that affect ageing: introducing age-distorters that manipulate host ageing to their own evolutionary benefits. »
LUNCH BREAK (for about 1h30 with meals planned for the speakers)
Unicellularity and ageing
14:00-14:30: Dr. Ariel B. Lindner (INSERM, Université Paris Cité, France) « Ageing patterns in bacteria »
14:31-15:01: Dr. Virginija Cvirkaite-Krupovic (Pasteur, France) « Asymmetric cell division in Archaea infected by viruses and possible connection to ageing »
15:02-15:32: Dr. Francesco Catania (Muenster Graduate School of Evolution, Germany) « Ageing in protists and/or what a protistologist perspective may bring to ageing studies »
Microbiome and host ageing
15:33-16:03: Pr. William Ludington (Carnegie Institution for Science, Johns Hopkins University, USA) « Impact of microbiomes on host ageing across the Tree of Life»
16:04-16:34 : Pr. Claudio Franceschi (University of Bologna, Italy) « Connections between microbiomes, viruses and host ageing »
16:35-17:05: Dr. François Leulier (Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, France) « Microbiome, ageing and nutrition »
Conclusion:
17:06-17:36: Dr. Philippe Huneman (CNRS, France) « Main philosophical issues associated with ageing and with ageing studies »
General discussion (for about 20 minutes)
English version
You are invited to attend, either in presence or more likely virtually, to the colloquium “Expanding evolutionary theories of ageing to take into account symbioses and interactions throughout the Web of Life”.
For this, please simply register by emailing : eric.bapteste@mnhn.fr
In short, this colloquium will seek to explore traditional limits to the main evolutionary theories of ageing and to propose novel findings to improve our understanding of how, why and when organisms age in the Web of Life. It will question the explanatory scope and the phylogenetic scope of at least three leading, stimulating evolutionary theories of ageing, namely the Mutation Accumulation theory, the Antagonistic pleiotropy theory and the Disposable Soma theory. Indeed, these theories share a common blindspot. They have been developed under the traditional framework of population genetics, and therefore are logically centered on the ageing of individuals within a population or within a species. Consequently, these theories do not explicitly model the countless interspecific and ecological interactions, such as symbioses and host-microbiomes associations, however well-known to affect many organismal traits as well as organismal evolution. Moreover, these theories have been mostly developed with animal models in mind, mainly those with a neat germen/soma distinction, such as mice and humans, and for this reason all these theories may benefit from novel conceptual developments to further justify and possibly expand their application scope towards other taxa, such as unicellular organisms (protists, bacteria and archaea), which have long been considered, by default and probably erroneously, as non-senescent, and such as extremely long lived taxa, which owing to their unusual biology may still have some lessons to contribute to these theories.
Scientific program for the day:
8:45-8:50AM: A quick introduction and welcome worlds (E. Bapteste)
Current theoretical framework and some of its limits
8:51-9:21: Pr. Annette Baudisch (University of Southern Denmark, DK) « The diversity of ageing patterns in the phylogeny of Life.»
9:22-9:52: Pr. Joao Pedro de Magalhaes (University of Liverpool, UK) « Some thoughts on the limits to our understanding of the genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of ageing throughout the Tree of life. »
9:53-10:23: Pr. Emma Teeling (University College Dublin, Ireland) « Lessons from bats and possibly other long-lived species longevity analyses, and the importance to study ageing in natural populations. »
Ageing through the prism of interactions
10:23-10:53: Pr. Laurent Keller (University of Lausanne, Switzerland) « Diversity of ageing patterns in relation with the social interactions within ageing species »
10:54-11:24: Dr. Ophélie Ronce (CNRS, France): « Evolution of ageing in a changing environment »
11:25-11h55: Dr. Jérôme Teulière (ISYEB, Paris, France) « Phylosystemics of ageing : inferring ancestral longevity networks. »
11h56-12:26: Dr. Charles Bernard or Dr. Eric Bapteste (ISYEB, Paris, France/UNIL, Switzerland) « Interspecific interactions that affect ageing: introducing age-distorters that manipulate host ageing to their own evolutionary benefits. »
LUNCH BREAK (for about 1h30 with meals planned for the speakers)
Unicellularity and ageing
14:00-14:30: Dr. Ariel B. Lindner (INSERM, Université Paris Cité, France) « Ageing patterns in bacteria »
14:31-15:01: Dr. Virginija Cvirkaite-Krupovic (Pasteur, France) « Asymmetric cell division in Archaea infected by viruses and possible connection to ageing »
15:02-15:32: Dr. Francesco Catania (Muenster Graduate School of Evolution, Germany) « Ageing in protists and/or what a protistologist perspective may bring to ageing studies »
Microbiome and host ageing
15:33-16:03: Pr. William Ludington (Carnegie Institution for Science, Johns Hopkins University, USA) « Impact of microbiomes on host ageing across the Tree of Life»
16:04-16:34 : Pr. Claudio Franceschi (University of Bologna, Italy) « Connections between microbiomes, viruses and host ageing »
16:35-17:05: Dr. François Leulier (Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, France) « Microbiome, ageing and nutrition »
Conclusion:
17:06-17:36: Dr. Philippe Huneman (CNRS, France) « Main philosophical issues associated with ageing and with ageing studies »
General discussion (for about 20 minutes)
